Technologies which use radiofrequency waves – Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, RFID, mobile telephones, etc. – have seen rapid growth over the last 20 years. Due to this, sources of radio frequency electromagnetic fields have become abundant in our environment and over recent years have become a subject of health concern as well as a concern for the environment in both France and abroad. The subject therefore has received constant coverage both in a scientific and a political context, and with regard to the media.

Extremely low frequency (ELF) fields are mostly emitted by electrical installations and power grids. The possible health effects of these electromagnetic fields have been studied for several decades. Although several studies have found statistical associations between exposure to ELF electromagnetic fields and childhood leukaemia, no relationship of cause and effect has been clearly identified. The degree of uncertainty that still surrounds the issue of the health effects of these phenomena, especially over the long term, is still a question of public concern and debate, focussing particularly on electrical power distribution grids and their components. In addition, the effects of these fields on animals, and more specifically on livestock, are an issue that is regularly brought up. The Agency has conducted a number of expert assessments on these subjects.