The development of antimicrobial resistance in animal and human bacteria is a major public health issue requiring an integrated approach across all types of medicine, according to the "One Health" concept covering both humans and animals. ANSES has mobilised significant resources to combat antimicrobial resistance, in particular by coordinating the French Surveillance Network for Antimicrobial Resistance in Pathogenic Bacteria of Animal Origin (Resapath), which is devoted to monitoring resistance in bacteria responsible for infections in all animal species. Resapath is both an essential tool for monitoring animal antimicrobial resistance and a key forum for cooperation among stakeholders in human and veterinary medicine. 

Antimicrobial resistance is a major public health issue concerning both human and veterinary medicine. Monitoring of sales of veterinary antimicrobials is one of the main sources of information used to assess and manage the risks associated with antimicrobial resistance. Veterinary antimicrobial sales have been monitored annually by the Agency since 1999, based on the recommendations of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE).

In addition, since 2010, ANSES has represented France in the European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption (ESVAC) project launched by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) at the request of the European Commission. Its aim is to collect harmonised data on antimicrobial sales in all countries of the European Union.